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Go to Editorial ManagerSolar energy is the most suitable among all renewable energy options for competing with fossil fuels in desalination due to its ability to utilize both heat and power for the process. In this study, the Parabolic Trough Solar Collector (PTSC) for powering a Single Stage Flash (SSF) desalination unit was proposed for Basrah city climate, Iraq. The desalination system comprises two directly coupled sub-systems: the PTSC and the SSF desalination unit. The preheated feed brine water coming from condenser was used as a Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) for PTSC, which gets heated to a desired temperature referred to as the Top Brine Temperature (TBT). The numerical simulations were performed via EBSILON professional 16.02 (2022) software. The effects of TBT, mass flowrate of feed brine water to get the desired TBT, solar collector area, and vacuum pressure inside flash chamber on the performance of the desalination system was studied. A major finding of the current study can be summarized as follows: The collector efficiency is enhanced eventually as TBT increases. The maximum values of distillate water in June are around 5.5, 4.56, 3.69, 2.75 and 1.85 kg/h for 12.408, 10.434, 8.3472, 6.26, and 4.1736 m² collector area respectively, when TBT 107 °C and vacuum pressure 40 kPa. For 1.598 m² collector area, the total distillate in the 1st of June amounted to 7.9 kg, with an average production rate of around 0.7 kg/h. The solar SSF system's productivity per solar collector unit area at 20 kPa, 15 kPa, and 10 kPa vacuum pressures was 4.7 kg/day/m², 5.3 kg/day/m², and 6.25 kg/day/m², respectively. The average Performance Ratio (PR) values are determined to be 0.694, 0.577, and 0.491 for 10 kPa, 15 kPa, and 20 kPa, respectively. These results are very acceptable when compared with an existing literature.
There is a vacuum created when water goes past a pipe constriction. Air may be pulled into the main flow by drilling a hole in the pipe near where the vacuum happens. Venturi aerator is an example of the application in action. A vacuum is formed at the suction holes of the Venturi tube when there is a small difference in pressure between the input and output sides. To demonstrate the link between total flow rate and Venturi aerator performance, a Venturi aerator (model 1584) was introduced at a specific point in a Biopipe system. For this purpose, a physical model on a pilot scale was constructed and installed in an existing sewage treatment plant. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were measured at four locations along the Biopipe at different values of wastewater flowrates. The study results showed that raising the total flow rate increased the amount of air injected by the Venturi aerator. When the total flow rate was less than 4 m 3 /hour, the Venturi aerator stops sucking air and produces negative consequences.
In this research, the mechanical properties were studied from the experimental, theoretical, and numerical aspects of the sports prosthetic foot for the purpose of providing a sporty prosthetic limb with high performance, easy to use and an appropriate financial cost to use by amputees who have lost their lower limbs (amputation below the knee) in practicing their sports activities and overcoming physical disability. The dimensions of the blades were calculated based on side profiles from European patent specifications. The chosen fibers have high strength, are light in weight, and can be purchased for a lower price than the materials that are used in the production of the sports prosthetic feet that are already on the market and are produced by specialized companies such as Ottobock and Ossur. Six laminates of the composite material consisting of matrix orthocryl lamination 80:20 pro reinforced with different fibers (Kevlar fibers, carbon fibers, glass fibers, and perlon fibers) were fabricated in the form of rectangles using the vacuum system and then cut to the required dimensions using a CNC machine. The density and volume fraction of the samples and the use of the rule of mixtures to calculate the mechanical properties of the laminates were calculated and entered into the ANSYS program. Then the boundary conditions were applied to the athlete's prosthetic foot and the total deformation, and the total strain energy was calculated to find out the best laminates in the athlete's foot industry. It was noticed that the laminates reinforced with carbon fibers were better than the laminates reinforced with glass fibers in terms of Young’s Modulus, as well as deformation. The best laminate obtained is (12 K + 4 C).