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Go to Editorial ManagerAn intelligent and anticipatory speed controller for internal combustion engines was designed theoretically and examined experimentally. This design was based on the addition of a torque loop to the main speed loop. The model can sense the external load with the help of a load cell and send this signal to a soft computing unit for analysis and processing. This scheme will improve the ability of anticipation of controller since it treats the factors that affect the speed, not the speed itself. The experimental design was implemented using two types of actuating techniques; an intelligent throttling actuator and an intelligent injection actuator. The signal was analyzed by using intelligent techniques such as fuzzy logic, neural network and genetic algorithm. The experimental data were used to train the neural and the Adaptive Neuro–Fuzzy Inference System. The comparison of the results obtained in this work with other available models proved the efficiency and the robustness of the present model.
Conventional Refrigeration Systems (VCRS) are the most commonly used in industrial buildings and facilities. Conventional refrigeration systems are among the most energy-consuming sources in addition to causing more environmental problems and gas emissions, such as hydrocarbons (HCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), are known to contribute to global warming and ozone depletion. Absorption Refrigeration Systems (VARS) are a good alternative to conventional refrigeration systems because they use low-grade heat sources and operate with environmentally friendly liquids. The most important of these heat sources is the heat wasted from engines, industrial processes and many other sources. The global objective of the study is a literature review on the different ways to operate the absorption refrigeration system using waste heat in engines that include exhaust gases and engine cooling water as well as renewable energy that includes solar energy. Reviews of the literature have demonstrated how the absorption refrigeration system can be used and operated using a variety of thermal sources. This study also supports the usage of ecologically friendly chillers to provide air conditioning and refrigeration, as it shows these systems have a lower performance coefficient when compared to conventional refrigeration systems.
Basrah Refinery Plant produces recently gasoline with low octane number reached to 75.5, 69.0 for leaded and unleaded gasoline respectively. These fuel causes severe damage to engines and also causes bad fuel combustion which increases air pollution due to the high percentage of [CO] and [CO2] in the exhaust produced. In this research it is tried to improve the gasoline octane number by new chemical additives [aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic and aromatic amines] with different percentages in gasoline. This kinds of additives can also be used as antioxidants, antirust and anticorrosion which reduces the total amount of chemicals added to gasoline. The better results obtained with aromatic amines as chemical additives which caused increasing in octane number up to [95-5, 88..0] for leaded and unleaded gasoline respectively. The percentages of [CO] and [CO2] gases formed after combustion are measured by orsat analysis based on dry analyses.