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Go to Editorial ManagerThe desalination market is gradually growing as a result of the significant water scarcity in various regions throughout the world. Concentrated solar power (CSP) can be used to power distillation, which is an effective method for addressing water shortages in areas where there is both a severe lack of water and abundant direct normal irradiation. CSPs are ideal candidates for the advancement of desalination technologies due to their capacity to produce both thermal and electricity energy. This review article offers a comprehensive of the current status of cutting-edge CSP-desalination systems. The paper reviews previously published studies conducted by researchers in the field of multi-effect desalination using concentrated solar collectors, and they are classified into two main types. Exclusively freshwater generation and freshwater / electricity cogeneration. In addition, the paper reviews conventional desalination. This review illustrates that there are numerous prospective methods for integrating desalination systems into CSPs. Potential areas for future investigation in CSP-desalination systems. In particular, the most significant obstacles to be surmounted are lowering the costs and efficiency improvements of solar repayment and desalination equipment. A potential method to expedite the commercialization of these plants is to develop innovative strategies that optimize thermal efficiency and reduce costs. Environmental factors (solar radiation intensity, ambient temperature and wind speed) and design factors (solar field area, number of mirrors, number of stages, steam temperature, steam quantity and pressure) are the main effective parameters that affect the distilled water production process. In general, the CSP desalination systems are environmentally and technically appealing; however, there remains substantial progress to be made in order for these plants to be commercially viable.
Solar energy is the most suitable among all renewable energy options for competing with fossil fuels in desalination due to its ability to utilize both heat and power for the process. In this study, the Parabolic Trough Solar Collector (PTSC) for powering a Single Stage Flash (SSF) desalination unit was proposed for Basrah city climate, Iraq. The desalination system comprises two directly coupled sub-systems: the PTSC and the SSF desalination unit. The preheated feed brine water coming from condenser was used as a Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) for PTSC, which gets heated to a desired temperature referred to as the Top Brine Temperature (TBT). The numerical simulations were performed via EBSILON professional 16.02 (2022) software. The effects of TBT, mass flowrate of feed brine water to get the desired TBT, solar collector area, and vacuum pressure inside flash chamber on the performance of the desalination system was studied. A major finding of the current study can be summarized as follows: The collector efficiency is enhanced eventually as TBT increases. The maximum values of distillate water in June are around 5.5, 4.56, 3.69, 2.75 and 1.85 kg/h for 12.408, 10.434, 8.3472, 6.26, and 4.1736 m² collector area respectively, when TBT 107 °C and vacuum pressure 40 kPa. For 1.598 m² collector area, the total distillate in the 1st of June amounted to 7.9 kg, with an average production rate of around 0.7 kg/h. The solar SSF system's productivity per solar collector unit area at 20 kPa, 15 kPa, and 10 kPa vacuum pressures was 4.7 kg/day/m², 5.3 kg/day/m², and 6.25 kg/day/m², respectively. The average Performance Ratio (PR) values are determined to be 0.694, 0.577, and 0.491 for 10 kPa, 15 kPa, and 20 kPa, respectively. These results are very acceptable when compared with an existing literature.
In this paper, a theoretical study of the conventional solar-still system integrated via the design of heat recovery of air exhausted from the air conditioner condenser employing heat exchangers (WHRUs) was conducted. This study aims to improve desalination performance by compensating for the non-existence of sunlight during the night. A comparison was made between the desalination performance in the event of exposure to solar radiation and its performance in the case of exposure to the system (WHRUs). It was found that the (WHRUs) system has a minimal impact on the production of the conventional desalination rig during the night period, as the highest cumulative productivity in the presence of the (WHRU S ) reached (2.15 kg) in August. In contrast, the productivity dependent on solar radiation was (4.58 kg) for the same month, with the most significant percentage of improvement reaching (31.91 %).
Flaring systems used in oil production systems have a significant impact on both the economy and the environment as they discharge large quantities of burned gases of elevated temperature to the atmosphere that have the potential to be used in some applications. This study aims to investigate the economic losses incurred due to the combustion of gases not utilized in the Rumaila oil field in Basrah, the southern region of Iraq. Additionally, the potential to use flare gases for power generation and water desalination was studied. The mathematical models established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) were utilized in this study to estimate and calculate the expected losses and used MatLab Ver. R22 to get result. The result leads to expected annular economic losses to reach $ 347,735,700. Also, the flare gases can be used to produce electric power of 1175 MW per year, it can be used for producing desalinating water of 115,911,900 m 3 for thermal desalination and 173,867,850 m 3 for membrane desalination.
This study presents solar chimney power plant integrated with sea water desalination system. A simple mathematical model is based on the conservation of mass and energy. The results show that the integrated system of solar chimney power plant and solar still can achieve simultaneously. The analysis is performed for both summer and winter at latitude 30 o N. It’s noted that, the water layer thickness is of a significant effect on the fresh water productivity while the dimensions of solar chimney and the solar collector are of a minor effect. The productivity of fresh water and output power for summer are the highest. The present work is compared with experimental data of the other work and showed a good agreement.
Solar desalination uses solar radiation to convert saline or seawater into clean water and is increasingly crucial due to growing pollution from industrial and automotive sources. Although solar stills offer a sustainable solution, they face challenges in terms of production efficiency. This study presents a new structural design for solar stills, which incorporates advanced insulation materials, a well-designed distillate channel, and an inclined base to enhance productivity. The research explores how different climatic conditions such as wind speed, solar radiation, and atmospheric humidity affect solar still performance. Seven experimental setups were evaluated, comparing traditional inclined stills with advanced closed-loop systems. The results demonstrated that closed-loop systems improved productivity by 28.6% compared to open-loop systems. Additionally, moderate wind speeds increased productivity by 20.82%, while partial cloud cover and light rain decreased productivity by 52.15% and 12.9%, respectively. However, light rain also enhanced condensation efficiency by cooling the glass surface. This study highlights the importance of incorporating environmental factors into the design and optimization of solar still systems for improved performance.
Performance a double slope of the solar still Integrated With or without parabolic trough collector is investigated experimentally. To improve the output of a double slope solar still, a number of initiatives have been undertaken, using wax as a phase change material (PCM) with a parabolic trough collector. A parabolic trough collector (PTC) transfers incident solar energy to the solar still through a water tube connected to a heat exchanger embedded in used microcrystalline wax. Experiments were carried out after orienting the basin to the south and holding the water depth in the basin at 20 mm. According to the results obtained, the solar stills with parabolic trough collector have higher temperatures and productivity than solar stills without parabolic trough collector, as well as the ability to store latent heat energy in solar still, allowing fresh water to condense even after sunset. In addition, the parabolic trough collector with phase change material in the double slope solar improves productivity by 37.3 % and 42 %, respectively.