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Go to Editorial ManagerSupplying drinking water in Al-Dewanyia city to meet Iraqi Drinking Water Guidelines is a challenge as source waters contain high concentrations of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) that often exceed 12 mg/L Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC). The US EPA indicates that enhanced coagulation is the best available technology to control DOC in drinking water treatment plants. A water director of Al-Qadissiya has used enhanced coagulation at Al-Dewanyia Water Treatment Plants (WTP’s) in Iraq since 2004 to improve water quality in the distribution system. NOM reduction has led to treated water with a lower chlorine demand allowing a greater residual penetration enabling improved bacteriological compliance. Since the cost of DOC (and Disinfection by-product DBPs) determination was high, it was decided to study the traditional analysis of COD as a surrogate measure to detect the organic constituents in raw water and the extent to which optimized coagulation with ferric chloride can increase COD removal. The water samples studied belonged to Al-Dewanyia River. For samples the observed values of COD removal by coagulation at lower pH (about 1-1.5 pH values less than the regular pH (5.8 ~ 8.5)) were about 85-95 percent without making water turbidity unacceptable. In order to determine the effects of organic content on coagulation, The results indicated that a modified coagulation process without need to much increasing the amount of coagulant can be developed for these water samples.
The study focuses on using sand and activated carbon filters for treating of A l-Kasak refinery wastewater. The wastewater contains many contaminants and organic and chemical materials. Many tests were performed such as pH, E.C, T.S, COD, BOD, Phenole, Oil, and NH3, after and before treatment with a filter in order to determine effluent characteristics. The highest T.S removal efficiency with sand filter was 93% and 90% for oil. The highest removal efficiency with activated carbon filter happened to Phenol, which was 99%, and for COD and BOD was(81- 90) % and (77-9 1)% continuously. The study shows that the cycle time of 9 hr gives the best removal efficiency for organic wastewater, especially for high organic load. It was recommended to use a sand-activated carbon filter to treat refinery wastewater because the effluents were within the Limits of refinery waste water casting and river casting.
Shatt Al-Arab river has been used as the raw material for the drinking water, irrigation and fish purposes in Basrah city. Concurrently, this river has been polluted by domestic, farming and industrial waste. Three main factories lie on the bank of Shatt Al-Arab river: Al-Hartha Paper Mill, Hartha Power Station and Al-Najibia Power Plant. All these consume water from the river and return their wastewater back to it. The aim of this study is to assess the water quality of Shatt Al-Arab river and its suitability for drinking, irrigation and aquatic life through physicochemical analysis temperature, pH, EC, Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), Cl − , Na + , K + , Ca +2 , Mg+2, HCO 3 total hardness, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). BOD5 concentration near factories showed polluted water, unsafe and requiring costly treatment to use for drinking water. Sodium concentration is a key factor for irrigation, which represent by SAR and SSP. As SSP exceed 75.73 % in water near these factories, this could breakdown soil structure and can damage agriculture area. The high concentrations of BOD5 and COD could pose a threat to aquatic life and fishes. As Shatt Al-Arab river is used for different purpose, the result in this study showed polluted water near industrial areas. Therefore, it is recommended to have regular data on water quality for this river near these areas.
Constructed wetlands are engineered systems used for wastewater treatment with the objective of reusing water under controlled conditions by mimicking natural treatment mechanisms involving porous media, plants, and microbial communities. This study investigates the performance of a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland, where wastewater flows through a gravel bed and vegetation roots, allowing contact with biofilm developed within the wetland substrate. To evaluate treated water quality, physical, chemical, and biological parameters were measured. Field results demonstrated that pollutant removal efficiency increased with detention time. After 3, 4, and 6 days of treatment, average removal efficiencies were 47.7%, 53.2%, and 77.5% for COD; 45.1%, 52.8%, and 64.4% for total nitrogen (TN); and 55.4%, 58.8%, and 72.2% for ammonium (NH₄), respectively. Nitrate removal averaged 19.41% after 3 days. These findings confirm that the horizontal flow constructed wetland system is effective in reducing key wastewater pollutants.
The analysis of raw domestic sewage has a greater importance for design of an effective and economic rational sewage treatment. The objectives of this study are to determine the chemical, physical and Biochemical characteristics of raw domestic sewage for Basrah city. Results show that; the strength of Basrah raw domestic sewage can be classified as a strong strength concentration wastewater due to high levels of organic loading rate BOD5 , COD. Also, it can be seen a very high concentrations of TDS , CL- and increasing in EC levels above the typical limits due to the salinity of domestic water supply in Basrah. High concentrations of oil and grease were found as result of misuse of the sewerage system. While the values of pH, temperature, nutrients and the number of FC are within the typical acceptable limits.