Cover
Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026)

Published: July 28, 2026

Pages: 79-84

Research Article

2D and 3D Porosity and Permeability of Previous Concrete

Awaz S. Nader 1 Ameer A. Hilal 2
1 Department of Surveying, Kalar Technical Institute, Garmian Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
2 Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Anbar, Al-Ramadi, Iraq
History
  • Received: July 4, 2026
  • Revised: July 23, 2026
  • Accepted: July 26, 2026
  • Available Online: July 28, 2026
DOI

https://doi.org/10.33971/bjes.26.1.9

Abstract

Previous concrete is a special, highly porous concrete used in applications that allow water to pass through it, such as parking areas and park walkways. In this research, three pervious concrete mixes were designed and produced by fixing all amounts of their raw materials (cement, water and gravel) but changing the gravel particle sizes as (4.75-10 mm), (10-14 mm) and (14-20 mm). by adopting 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional techniques, porosity (pore volume), compressive strength and permeability of the selected mixes were investigated. The results showed that the volumetric pore volume (3D porosity) of pervious concrete can be predicted by adopting the Image analysis technique (2D method). In addition, using smaller-sized aggregate (4.75-10 mm) helped in enhancing the pore structure, compressive strength (30% more) and permeability (80% less) of pervious concrete than using the bigger-sized aggregate (14-20 mm). Finally, it was found that the best-fitting line for both 2D and 3D porosities and permeability was an exponential model.

Keywords

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