×
The submission system is temporarily under maintenance. Please send your manuscripts to
Go to Editorial ManagerA novel hiding system is proposed in this work which is based on Least Significant Bits (LSB) embedding of information such as speech in gray scale images. The proposed hiding algorithm embeds the secrete infonnation message bits in the least significant bits of the cover image pixels such that the number of secrete infurmation bits to he embedded in least significant bits of cover image pixel is variable and detennined randomly. So that cover image pixel may contain no secrete information bit, one bit, two bits , or three bits according to the pseudo random nwnber generator that generates integer numbers randomly between O and 3. The resulting image (the cover image within which the secret information is hidden) is called stego_image. Stego_image is closely related to the cover image and does not show any details of the secret infonnation. It ensures that the eavedroppers will not have any suspicion that message bits are hidden in the illll!ge and standard steganography detection methods can not estimate the locations in which the secret message bits are embedded and can not estimate the locations in which the secrete information bits are hidden nor the number of bits embedded in oover image . The proposed system achieves perfect reconstruction of the secret message.
The trend of using natural fibers in geotechnical engineering has become of great interest to improve weak soils due to some of its advantages such as local availability, environmental friendliness, and lower cost. In this study, a set of unconfined compression strength and direct shear tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of Al-Nasiriya clayey soil reinforced with natural fibers. Three different types of natural fibers were investigated as sustainable ones, including wheat straw fiber and palm frond fiber, as well as imperata cylindrica fiber. The effects of various fiber contents (0.25 %, 0.5 %, 0.75 %, and 1 %) and lengths (20 mm, 30 mm, and 40 mm) were experimentally evaluated. The results indicated that the compressive strength increased significantly with the increase of fiber content and length up to an optimum value and then decreased. The optimum fiber content and length were 0.5 % and 30 mm, respectively. Compared to the unreinforced soil, the compressive strength values at the optimum content and length increased by 102 %, 126 %, and 66 % for samples reinforced with wheat straw, palm fronds, and imperata cylindrica fibers, respectively. The shear properties improved due to soil reinforcement with natural fibers. Compared to the unreinforced soil, the internal friction angle of the samples reinforced with wheat straw, palm fronds, and imperata cylindrica fibers increased by 17.7 %, 42 %, and 9 %, respectively. Forever, the cohesion and shear strength are also improved due to inclusion of natural fibers.