×
The submission system is temporarily under maintenance. Please send your manuscripts to
Go to Editorial ManagerFluidized bed reactor (FBR) is an attached growth system used mainly for biological treatment of industrial wastewater of high organic content. These wastewaters are usually resulted from refineries and milk, starch, and olive oil industries. The objective of this study is to investigate the use of fluidized bed reactor for treating sanitary sewage. The study was accomplished using a pilot plant of the FBR. The pilot plant was constructed and installed in Hamdan Sewage Treatment Plant in Basrah governorate. That was to maintain continuous source of settled sewage which is the influent to the FBR. The period of plant operation was nine weeks. During, this period, the plant was operated at three phases of different conditions (up flow velocity and recirculation ratio). To study the performance of FBR, the main measured parameters were; BOD, DO, VSS, pH, and temperature. The most important conclusions of this study are; (1) the maximum efficiency of BOD removal is 78.6% which was obtained for hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24min and upflow velocity of 1.59m/min, (2) the effluent BOD values during phases-1 and 2 of plant operation match that of stabilization ponds and trickling filters and during phase-3 matches that activated sludge process, (3) during all operation phases, the values of effluent pH are within the limits specified in national standards of secondary effluents, (4) as F/M increases, the efficiency of BOD removal decreases and the maximum efficiency of BOD removal (78.6%) was obtained at F/M ratio equals 23.47 day -1 , and (5) the HRT of fluidized bed reactor is on order of minutes, while, the values of HRT of activated sludge systems and stabilization ponds are on order of hours and days, respectively.
Al-Robat and Al-Jubyla creeks, which composes the study area, are two of the main six creeks branched from Shatt Al- Arab river in Basrah province, south of Iraq. They are used as open drains for discharging untreated sanitary sewage which caused the depletion of their dissolved oxygen and subsequently the deterioration of their water quality. To study the impact of discharging untreated sanitary sewage on study area water quality, measured in terms of dissolved oxygen concentration, it is necessary to determine the values of deoxygenation coefficient ( K 1 ). The aim of this study is to find K 1 values for the study area using laboratory results of BOD time series analyses. For this purpose, water samples were collected from eight locations distributed along the study area. Thomas graphical method was applied to calculate K 1 . The results showed that the K 1 values for Al-Robat and Al-Jubyla creeks ranged from 0.279 to 0.488 day ˗ 1 at 20 °C with ultimate BOD values varied over the range (40.5-258.6) mg/l. These results revealed that the water in Al-Robat and Al-Jubyla creeks has the characteristics of raw sewage.
The study focuses on using sand and activated carbon filters for treating of A l-Kasak refinery wastewater. The wastewater contains many contaminants and organic and chemical materials. Many tests were performed such as pH, E.C, T.S, COD, BOD, Phenole, Oil, and NH3, after and before treatment with a filter in order to determine effluent characteristics. The highest T.S removal efficiency with sand filter was 93% and 90% for oil. The highest removal efficiency with activated carbon filter happened to Phenol, which was 99%, and for COD and BOD was(81- 90) % and (77-9 1)% continuously. The study shows that the cycle time of 9 hr gives the best removal efficiency for organic wastewater, especially for high organic load. It was recommended to use a sand-activated carbon filter to treat refinery wastewater because the effluents were within the Limits of refinery waste water casting and river casting.
Higher education institutions, as one of the powerful actors contributing to pollution and impact on the environment, are not an exception in adoption of sustainable practices. Thus, this study aims to investigate the sewage disposal condition at University of Basrah situated adjacent to the Shatt al-Arab, which is estimated as the artery that feeds water to Basra/southern Iraq regions. The release of non-treated or poorly treated water is a real danger to the aquatic and terrestrial species in Governorate. Consequently, samples were collected for analysis during summer and winter seasons to investigate their physical, chemical and biological characteristics acknowledged as basic criteria for assessment of environmental degradation: DO, TDS, NO3, NO2, PO4, SO4 pH. Also, measured are BOD and COD. Preliminary studies suggest that wastewater properties differ with its origin and associated practices. These differences emphasize the need for targeted management strategies depending on the origin of wastewater. In order to be able to decide whether the treatment of wastewater and measures for environmental protection are appropriate, this study provides valuable information on the nature of wastewater generated in University of Basrah, College of Engineering. The findings help decision makers in the field of wastewater management for implementing the exact strategies of sustainable sewage treatment and disposal legislations, which consequently saving water resources.