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Go to Editorial ManagerSeveral governments around the world announced new strategies regarding their construction industry. These strategies focus on reducing construction projects' time, cost and improving their impact on the environment. To achieving these goals within the proposed time scale, these authorities advise their stakeholders to start to implement different methods in project delivery such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), Geographic Information System (GIS), and many more. All these new technologies and methods will reduce human errors in the project lifecycle which will lead to reducing project waste. In addition, this will pave the road to automation in construction. Automation will help to mitigate the huge number of clashes and mistakes. Iraq an oil-depended country suffering from economic crises due to the considerable reduction in oil prices. This struggle must enforce the government to use this opportunity to solve current project problems such as project delays and budgets overrun and rethink how to reduce construction project time and cost. However, the applicability and understanding of these new methods and technologies need to be explored first among the Iraqi construction industry. This paper will investigate the understanding of automation in construction among different disciplines working with different experiences in the Iraq construction industry. The method of survey was used to sightsee their view regarding automation in construction understanding, benefits, and the challenges. The results reveal that there a positive view in terms of understating the meaning of automation in construction. In addition, several benefits are identified as the most effective gains if these new methods are implemented. Furthermore, more than a few challenges also have been acknowledged that need to be considered to increase the successfulness of implementing automation in construction.
The Internet of Things (IoT) connects everyday objects to the Internet by integrating a vast network of interconnected smart devices into residential and commercial settings. When the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) changed how industries work by connecting and communicating devices and systems in industrial environments, these devices linked to the Internet gathered information from their surroundings, processed it, and sent it safely. Industry 4.0 transforms transportation and manufacturing industries by producing smart devices for total automation. This system has a substantial application in predictive maintenance. Predicting disasters in dangerous areas aids in managing safety and decreasing damage. In this paper, presented review for the integration of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and IIoT in smart cities is fundamentally transforming urban services and infrastructure. Smart cities leverage technology to enhance inhabitants' quality of life, foster sustainability, and streamline municipal governance. Artificial intelligence is applied with IIoT's production and analysis data to generate speedier outcomes. The article discusses IIoT uses, supporting technologies, growth issues and how to fix them, and suggestions for growth and better performance by limitless potential, including better manufacturing, greener electricity production, self-regulating structures, and smart cities that can modify traffic patterns to reduce congestion.
The discovery and identification of damages in engineering structures is very important in the field of engineering maintenance, as it is a great challenge in presenting new methods in measuring vibrations and discovering damages with the development in the field of automation and high accuracy in discovering damages. In this study, natural frequencies and mode shapes of transverse vibration for damage detection in structures are investigated. The study is performed for various crack depth and crack location. And suggested a new technique based on Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Convolution Neural Network (CNN). The comparison will be done by simulating the oscillations of a cantilever steel beam with and without defect as a numerical case. The proposed new technique proved to outperform classical methods and has achieved a100% accuracy in the identification of defect position for the data studied.
Vibration in rotating machines and structures is normally measured using accelerometers and other vibration sensors. For large machines and structures, the process of collecting vibration data is tedious and time-consuming due to the large number of points where vibration data must be measured. In this paper, a novel non-contact vibration measurement method has been introduced by using a high-speed camera as a vibration measurement device. This method has many advantages compared with the others. It has a low cost, easy to setup, and high automation. It also can be used for full-field measurement. Many tests have been accomplished to prove the validation of this method. The verification test has been accomplished by using the machinery faults simulator. It presented a reasonable validation that the operation deflection shapes (ODS) and the phase difference of any object can be successfully measured by using a high-speed camera. The mode shape tests have been accomplished by using the whirling of shaft apparatus device to extract the time domain, frequency domain, ODS, and phase differences for many points on the shaft at the first two critical speeds. The results proved that the high-speed camera can be used to detect the vibration signal in many different fault cases. It also proved that the high-speed camera can be used to detect the ODS and the phase angle difference. That gives the proposed method more robust and acceptance.