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Go to Editorial ManagerThe frequency analysis of bones is a new tool to assess bone quality or integrity to characterize osteoporosis. The modal analysis can also be used to determine failure characteristics of remodeled bone in the fractured model. This study describes the numerical characterization of the modal analysis of the standardized femur model. The objective of the numerical procedure is to identify the natural frequencies and mode shapes of an unconstrained femur. The vibration modes of the human femur are studied by digital modal analysis and finite element simulation using ANSYS version 10 programs, with respect to femur dimensions and mechanical properties. The changing of the values of free vibration natural frequencies and mode shapes of the femur due to changing of the femur densities are studied. The results are compared to those obtained experimentally. The comparison of the results shows a good agreement, which indicates that the used model can be utilized in vibration analysis of bones.
The present work is aimed to reduce the annual electric energy consumption in a residential building in Basrah city through introducing a standardized rule for the annual electrical consumption for the cooling and heating purposes. This work will concentrate on all parameters which help to go toward the optimum use of thermally efficient house. The building energy analysis program e-Quest was used to simulate the annual energy consumption for a typical residential house built with different types of building materials. Transfer function cooling load calculation was used. The results showed that for the Base- House, the thermal transmission through the walls and roof constitutes more than half of the total peak cooling load. It was found that a house built with thermo-stone causes 5.9% reduction of the annual cooling energy consumption, and 12.4% in the annual heating energy consumption. However, insulating the Base- House causes a significant reduction in the air conditioning equipment capacity and consequently reduction in cooling energy consumption by 23%, and reduces the heating energy consumption by 42.8%. Finally this work presents a useful planning to developed building design which reduces the electrical energy consumption.
Observing the locally engineering projects done nowadays show weak application of quality assurance. In this paper a questioner paper was designed depending on ten proposed points which could be assumed to represent the steps of quality assurance in any engineering project and could be used to measure the quality degree in it. The questioner have two sides, the first measure the importance of the proposed ten points and the second measure the application of these ten points in the locally engineering projects. A weak understanding of quality assurance and contracts doesn't contain points forced contractors to follow ISO quality conditions, also low efficiency of inspection instruments and team was found. The paper suggest that curricula of all engineering study must include quality assurance subjects. The importance of the proposed points was found to be (78%) while the quality assurance in the locally engineering projects was found to be (37%). Quality in a bridge in Diwaniya city was calculated and found equal (49%).