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Go to Editorial ManagerIt is very crucial to minimize the environmental impact that induced from the development of industry, by applying strict policies and innovate eco-friendly industries. Indeed, construction manufacture considered as one of the most industries that affect the environment, especially concrete production and usage in structural buildings. For instance, traditional concrete, which is consists of a high amount of cement, is contributed to the emission of CO 2 . Therefore, researchers seeking to develop a new technology of concrete by replacement some amount of cement by materials which are considered to become more friendly to the environment. Nowadays, this new technology is known as Green Concrete. The importance of using green concrete is not only to decrease the emission amounts of CO 2 but also to replace cement by industrial waste. In this paper, a review has been presented to understand green concrete benefits and materials that may be used instead of cement and aggregate.
An investigation was conducted to study the effect of loading level with respect to shear center and span length on lateral torsional buckling of steel I-section beams using linear and nonlinear finite element analysis available in ANSYS (version 12.0) computer program. The steel beams which have been studied included prismatic beams and linearly web- tapered beams with web tapering ratio of (0.5). The maximum height of all beams was 300 mm with span length of 4, 6 and 8 m. The critical buckling loads for prismatic and linearly tapered cantilever and simply supported beams subjected to point load and uniformly distributed load were determined. The results showed that, the bottom flange loading gives a buckling loads higher than that of the top flange loading with percentage increases of 148% and 155% for the linear and nonlinear analysis respectively for the prismatic beams. While for the tapered beams, these percentages increases were 61% and 67% respectively.