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Go to Editorial ManagerThis study focuses on the design and construction of an automated device for evaluating the scratch resistance of polymeric materials by measuring the force required to produce surface scratches and calculating the corresponding friction coefficient from device input–output data. The device was fabricated using locally available materials, with several components manufactured in local mechanical workshops. It comprises four main subsystems: mechanical components, scratching mechanism, electrical and electronic units, and an operating control program. The developed device offers the following specifications: normal load range of 0.1–325 N, sliding speed of 1–35 mm/s, tangential force measurement capacity of 0.1–294 N via a load cell, sample dimensions of 10–195 mm in length, 10–125 mm in width, and 0.25–50 mm in thickness, a maximum scratch length of 195 mm, and an adjustable indenter height ranging from 0.25 to 50 mm above the platform surface. Scratch testing and friction coefficient measurements were conducted on pure PMMA and PMMA reinforced with silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles. Experimental results demonstrated increased scratch resistance and reduced friction coefficients with higher SiO₂ weight ratios. Additionally, the performance evaluation confirmed that the designed device is capable of accurately and rapidly measuring the tangential forces associated with scratching through a simple operational procedure.
In this research, the mechanical properties were studied from the experimental, theoretical, and numerical aspects of the sports prosthetic foot for the purpose of providing a sporty prosthetic limb with high performance, easy to use and an appropriate financial cost to use by amputees who have lost their lower limbs (amputation below the knee) in practicing their sports activities and overcoming physical disability. The dimensions of the blades were calculated based on side profiles from European patent specifications. The chosen fibers have high strength, are light in weight, and can be purchased for a lower price than the materials that are used in the production of the sports prosthetic feet that are already on the market and are produced by specialized companies such as Ottobock and Ossur. Six laminates of the composite material consisting of matrix orthocryl lamination 80:20 pro reinforced with different fibers (Kevlar fibers, carbon fibers, glass fibers, and perlon fibers) were fabricated in the form of rectangles using the vacuum system and then cut to the required dimensions using a CNC machine. The density and volume fraction of the samples and the use of the rule of mixtures to calculate the mechanical properties of the laminates were calculated and entered into the ANSYS program. Then the boundary conditions were applied to the athlete's prosthetic foot and the total deformation, and the total strain energy was calculated to find out the best laminates in the athlete's foot industry. It was noticed that the laminates reinforced with carbon fibers were better than the laminates reinforced with glass fibers in terms of Young’s Modulus, as well as deformation. The best laminate obtained is (12 K + 4 C).
This study investigates the deep drawing process of carbon fiber-reinforced high-density polyethylene (CF-HDPE) composites through experimental and numerical approaches. The experimental part involved fabricating CF-HDPE sheets and conducting deep drawing operations under controlled parameters (punch speed, temperature, and forming depth) to evaluate material behavior and mechanical properties. Numerically, finite element analysis (FEA) using ABAQUS simulated the forming process, analyzing stress distribution, strain development, and material deformation under varying conditions. Results revealed that increasing forming depth and decreasing forming temperature elevated the required forming force. Comparisons between experimental and numerical outcomes showed consistent trends, though some differences arose due to factors like friction and material nonlinearity. The findings contribute to optimizing deep drawing processes for composite materials, enhancing manufacturing precision, and minimizing material defects.
The present work aims to build mathematical models based on experimental data to estimate the mechanical properties of submerged arc weldment. AISI 1020 low carbon steel plates 16mm thickness were welded according to orthogonal array in order to establish the relationship between input parameters (welding current, Arc voltage and welding speed) and output parameters (ultimate tensile stress, yield stress, impact energy and hardness) by submerged arc welding (SAW) process. The relationship between input and output parameters for the welding process are conducted using two suitable mathematical models the first one based on regression analysis, while the second one based on multi input single output ANFIS model for estimation of some mechanical properties of the welded plates. It was found that ANFIS results are closer to the experimental results than regression results. The optimal parameters (which give a maximum value of ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield stress and impact energy; 446 MPa, 318 MPa and 213 J) are welding current is (380 Amp), Arc voltage is (25 V) and welding speed is (40 cm/min), while the maximum value of hardness number is (228 HV), when current welding is (380 Amp), Arc voltage is (25 V) and welding speed is (25 cm/min).
The present research aims to predict the thickness distribution of a wall of a deep drawn cup. A simplified 3D axisymmetric model which represents the deep drawing set (blank and tools) was created using a CAD software, and then imported into a finite element code ANSYS where a simulation was carried out. The model represents a cylindrical cup made of low carbon steel sheet. The results showed that the FE model represents real deep drawing process fairly well. The cup thickness distribution values showed a good agreement with the referenced values, where the failure or success of drawing process could be predicted based on the obtained thickness results. It was observed that a high value of friction restrains material movement and resulted in producing more thinning and more punch force. High blank holder force was found to decrease the thickness of both the bottom face of the cup and the flange rim. While increasing die corner radius increases thickness and the maximum thinning occurred at the smallest die corner radius. It was found by decreasing the punch profile radius the thickness at the flat bottom of the cup and under the punch profile region were reduced.
This article provides an overview of the studies that have been conducted on the characteristics of epoxy resins containing various types of silica nanoparticles and microparticles, as well as their performance in the industrial application of functionally graded materials (FGMs). Silica nanoparticles and microparticles are used to create epoxy resins in order to improve various properties, such as thermal stability, adhesiveness, electrical conductivity, strength, modulus, and toughness. This review examines the literature that has been published in the last decade, compares the results, focuses on the mechanical and thermal properties, and discusses the changes that have resulted in improvements in those properties. Previous experimental findings are presented and contrasted to demonstrate the extent to which silica filler content contributes to improving the properties of composite materials. The findings reveal that the characteristics of epoxy compounds can be improved by adding a particular amount of silica particles. There is a correlation between an increase in the silica amount and an increase in the Young modulus of epoxy compounds, this correlation becomes stronger as the silica amount increases. Additionally, the tensile strength of epoxy compounds increases to a certain limit as the amount of silica nanoparticles increases. In contrast, the hardness of the material increases as the silica amount increases. The density of the material also increases steadily as the silica amount in the material increases. According to thermal analysis results from calorimetric research on epoxy–silica systems, the glass transition temperature increases as the silica amount increases.
Due to the wide use of rubber components in different engineering applications such as vibration isolators, engine mounts, car tires, and bridge bearing pads, etc. This rubber component mostly subjected to high levels of vibration and noise which are among the most reasons that lead to the failure of the structures. In the present paper has been performed experimentally to investigate the influences: different content ratios of natural rubber (NR) and polybutadiene (BR.cis) rubber blends [1: (50/50) %, 2: (60/40) %, 3: (70/30) %, 4: (80/20) %, 5: (90/10) %, 6: (100/0) % pphr], and two carbon blacks types (N375, and N220) on the dynamic properties (Rebound Resilience, Damping Time, and Decay Rate). The experimental results showed that the rubber compound that has the blending ratio [1: (50/50) %] has high resilience (low damping), high damping time and high displacement for two carbon black types used in this work. While these properties were improved whenever the rubber blend close to the percentage [5: (90/10) %]. The damping time, amplitude, and resilience of a rubber compound with a blending (90/10) % and carbon black (N220) are decreased by (24.53 %, 36.854 %, and 36.852 %), respectively, compared with a rubber blend that has the blending ratio of (50/50) %.