Cover
Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025)

Published: September 9, 2025

Pages: 32-41

Original Article

Developing an Efficient Technique for Predicting Ball Bearing Defects Based on RDE Method Using CNN

Haidar A. Alhajjaj 1 Jaafar K. Alsalaet 1
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
History
  • Received: September 22, 2023
  • Revised: October 10, 2023
  • Accepted: January 7, 2024
  • Available Online: August 16, 2025
DOI

https://doi.org/10.33971/bjes.25.1.5

Abstract

The accurate prediction of machinery faults is considered an effective strategy to increase the operation life of machines, ensure smooth operation, and provide a safe environment. Accordingly, the demands on predictive tools such as machine learning to detect machinery faults before catastrophic failure occurs has increased rapidly. In this research, a diagnosis algorithm based on using a 2D color-coded map as the input to a deep artificial neural network is proposed. These maps are called RDEgram after the processing of vibrational signals based on reverse dispersion entropy (RDE) method. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is investigated by testing its capability to detect different faults located at different locations on ball bearings under constant speed conditions. First, the squared envelope signal is extracted by applying the short time Fourier transform to vibration signal. Then, the RDE is used to process the squared envelope to detect the range of frequencies at which the transients occur. The RDEgram color-coded map is used to represent the RDE values as a function of frequency and frequency resolution. The maps from different fault features are collected to form the diagnostic patterns. Finally, a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) is applied to learn the feature pattern and diagnose the bearing faults. The CNN is trained using fixed- speed data and then it is applied to diagnose faults in the test data recorded at the same speed. The prediction method adopted in the current research shows a 100% level of accuracy for predicting two types of faults (pit and slot) located at various positions a ball bearing (KOYO 1205 C3 type) running at two constant speeds (25 and 30 Hz).

Keywords

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