Cover
Vol. 22 No. 1 (2022)

Published: April 30, 2022

Pages: 78-85

Original Article

Compact Low-Cost Reconfigurable Microwave Bandpass Filter Using Stub-Loaded Multiple Mode Resonator for WiMAX, 5G and WLAN Applications

Yousif Mohsin Hasan 1 Abdulkareem Swadi Abdullah 2 Falih Mahdi Alnahwi 2
1 Department of Electronic and Communication, College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
2 Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
History
  • Received: September 2, 2021
  • Revised: November 5, 2021
  • Accepted: November 10, 2021
  • Available Online: April 24, 2022
DOI

https://doi.org/10.33971/bjes.22.1.9

Abstract

This paper presents a compact, low-cost reconfigurable bandpass filter (BPF) for WiMax, 5G, and WLAN applications. The BPF consists of a half-wavelength resonator folded as C-shaped by a pair of symmetrical PIN diodes and a central quarter-wavelength resonator to form an E- shaped stub-loaded multiple-mode resonator (SL-MMR). The feed line is made of two subsections separated by a gap which acts as a fixed capacitance and allows the filter to have bandpass behavior. The proposed filter is modeled using the even and odd mode analysis to predict the locations of the resonant frequencies. The simulation results show that the filter covers the frequency range (3.38-3.95) GHz with a center frequency of 3.52 GHz at the ON state of a pair of PIN diodes. On the other hand, the BPF covers the frequency range (4.7-5.93) GHz with a center frequency of 5.2 GHz, at the OFF state of the diodes. The results also show a small insertion loss at the filter passband with two sharp transmission zeros at the stopband.

Keywords

References

  1. P. W. Wong and I. C. Hunter, “Electronically reconfigurable microwave bandpass filter”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 57, Issue 12, pp. 3070-3079, 2009.
  2. W. -H. Tu, “Switchable microstrip bandpass filters with reconfigurable on-state frequency responses”, IEEE microwave and wireless components letters, Vol. 20, Issue 5, pp. 259-261, 2010.
  3. A. M. Abbosh, “Design method for ultra-wideband bandpass filter with wide stopband using parallel-coupled microstrip lines”, IEEE Transactions on microwave theory and techniques, Vol. 60, Issue 1, pp. 31-38, 2011.
  4. F.-C. Chen, R.-S. Li, and Q.-X. Chu, “Ultra-wide stopband low-pass filter using multiple transmission zeros”, IEEE Access, Vol. 5, pp. 6437-6443, 2017.
  5. J. Ni and J. Hong, “Compact varactor-tuned microstrip highpass filter with a quasi-elliptic function response”, IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, Vol. 61, Issue 11, pp. 3853-3859, 2013.
  6. Y. Wu, L. Cui, W. Zhang, L. Jiao, Z. Zhuang, and Y. Liu, “High performance single-ended wideband and balanced bandpass filters loaded with stepped-impedance stubs”, IEEE Access, Vol. 5, pp. 5972-5981, 2017.
  7. K. M. F. Rabbi, “Miniaturised and reconfigurable planar filters for ultra-wideband applications”, Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, 2014.
  8. Y. I. Al-Yasir, N. O. Parchin, Y. Tu, A. M. Abdulkhaleq, I. T. E. Elfergani, J. Rodriguez, and R. A. Abd-Alhameed, “A Varactor-Based Very Compact Tunable Filter with Wide Tuning Range for 4G and Sub-6 GHz 5G Communications”, Sensors, Vol. 20, Issue 16, pp. 1-20, 2020.
  9. H. A. Atallah, A. B. Abdel-Rahman, K. Yoshitomi, and R. K. Pokharel, “Compact frequency reconfigurable filtennas using varactor loaded T-shaped and H-shaped resonators for cognitive radio applications”, IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 10, Issue 9, pp. 991-1001, 2016.
  10. W.-J. Zhou and J.-X. Chen, “High-selectivity tunable balanced bandpass filter with constant absolute bandwidth”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol. 64, Issue 8, pp. 917-921, 2016.
  11. Y. Tawk, J. Costantine, and C. G. Christodoulou, “Reconfigurable filtennas and MIMO in cognitive radio applications” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 62, Issue 3, pp. 1074-1083, 2013.
  12. M. Donelli, M. Manekiya, and S. K. Menon, “Compact microstrip reconfigurable filter based on spiral resonators”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 61, Issue 2, pp. 417-424, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.31587
  13. S.-C. Weng, K.-W. Hsu, and W.-H. Tu, “Compact and switchable dual-band bandpass filter with high selectivity and wide stopband”, Electronics letters, Vol. 49, Issue 20, pp. 1275-1277, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2013.2154
  14. S. Arain, P. Vryonides, M. A. B. Abbasi, A. Quddious, M. A. Antoniades, and S. Nikolaou, “Reconfigurable Bandwidth Bandpass Filter With Enhanced Out-of-Band Rejection Using π-Section-Loaded Ring Resonator”, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 28, Issue 1, pp. 28-30, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2017.2776212
  15. T. Cheng and K.-W. Tam, “A wideband bandpass filter with reconfigurable bandwidth based on cross-shaped resonator”, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 27, Issue 10, pp. 909-911, 2017.
  16. P. Vryonides, S. Nikolaou, S. Kim, and M. M. Tentzeris, “Reconfigurable dual-mode band-pass filter with switchable bandwidth using PIN diodes”, International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Vol. 7, Issue 6, pp. 655-660, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1759078714000932
  17. J. Mazloum, A. Jalali, and M. Ojaroudi, “Miniaturized reconfigurable band‐pass filter with electronically controllable for WiMAX/WLAN applications”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 56, Issue 2, pp. 509-512, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.28101
  18. F. M. Alnahwi, Y. I. Al-Yasir, A. A. Abdulhameed, A. S. Abdullah, and R. A. Abd-Alhameed, “A Low-Cost Microwave Filter with Improved Passband and Stopband Characteristics Using Stub Loaded Multiple Mode Resonator for 5G Mid-Band Applications”, Electronics, Vol. 10, Issue 4, pp. 1-15, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040450
  19. J. Xu, W. Wu, and G. Wei, “Compact multi-band bandpass filters with mixed electric and magnetic coupling using multiple-mode resonator”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 63, Issue 12, pp. 3909-3919, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2015.2488643
  20. D. Chen, H. Bu, L. Zhu, and C. Cheng, “A differential-mode wideband bandpass filter on slotline multi-mode resonator with controllable bandwidth”, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 25, Issue 1, pp. 28-30, 2014.
  21. J. Ai, Y. Zhang, K. Da Xu, D. Li, and Y. Fan, “Miniaturized Quint-Band Bandpass Filter Based on Multi-Mode Resonator and λ/4 Resonators with Mixed Electric and Magnetic Coupling”, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 26, Issue 5, pp. 343-345, 2016.
  22. S.-X. Zhang, Z.-H. Chen, and Q.-X. Chu, “Compact tunable balanced bandpass filter with novel multi-mode resonator”, IEEE Microwave and Wireless components letters, Vol. 27, Issue 1, pp. 43-45, 2016.
  23. Z. Wang, J. R. Kelly, P. S. Hall, A. L. Borja, and P. Gardner, “Reconfigurable parallel coupled band notch resonator with wide tuning range” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 61, Issue 11, pp. 6316-6326, 2014.
  24. R. Zhou, I. Mandal, and H. Zhang, “Microwave bandpass filters with tunable center frequencies and reconfigurable transmission zeros”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 55, Issue 7, pp. 1526-1531, 2013.
  25. R. Garg, I. Bahl, and M. Bozzi, Microstrip lines and slotlines, Third Edition, Artech house, 2013. ISBN:9781608075362
  26. D. M. Pozar, Microwave engineering, 4th Edition, John wiley & sons, 2011. ISBN: 978-0-470-63155-3
  27. X. Zheng, Y. Pan, and T. Jiang, “UWB bandpass filter with dual notched bands using T-shaped resonator and L-shaped defected microstrip structure”, Micromachines, Vol. 9, Issue 6, pp. 1-11, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9060280
  28. S. Sun and L. Zhu, “Capacitive-ended interdigital coupled lines for UWB bandpass filters with improved out-of-band performances”, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 8, pp. 440-442, 2006.
  29. ADS: Advanced Design System, 2021.
  30. CST: Computer Simulation Technology Based on FIT Method, 2017.