Cover
Vol. 15 No. 1 (2015)

Published: June 30, 2015

Pages: 110-117

Original Article

Urban Sustainability Concepts in Reconstruction Projects of Damaged Cities (The City of Basra as a Model)

Abstract

Wars have imposed on some countries a state of haste and rush towards haphazard, unstudied urban planning to fill the shortage of architectural elements and urban formations. Urban sustainability, alongside environmental and economic sustainability, has recently gained great importance in contemporary global studies. Given the problems suffered by the city of Basra regarding architectural formation and devastating environmental pollution, in addition to the significant deficit in finding the required design solutions for the urban rehabilitation of the city, it was necessary to limit individual attempts that tend towards unconscious concepts leading to anomaly and lack of harmony with the city's distinct environment. Urban formation is a series of visual interferences that cannot be intercepted by individual, personal, and unstudied attempts; therefore, shared visions agreed upon by specialists in various fields, primarily the environment, must be formulated. Hence, the research tends towards finding research areas that can offer objective and realistic solutions to be the basis for the future structure of damaged cities within the framework of the concept of sustainable urban development in the future. Here, the research aims to select the best methods for shaping the modern city of Basra.

References

  1. Charles Montgomery (2014) Happy City: Transforming Our Lives Through Urban Design, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Pp 267-273
  2. David H. Pinkney 1972, Napoleon III and the Rebuilding of Paris (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, P 127
  3. Howard, Ebenezer (1902) Garden Cities of Tomorrow Attic Books New Illustrated Edition 1985, Pp 276
  4. Goodall, B. (1987) The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography. London: Penguin.
  5. Hall, P. 2002, Cities of Tomorrow, 3rd edn, Blackwell, Malden, Mass., p. 100
  6. Liana Iliu 2005, Orasul Gradina si evolutia conceptului, Editura Universitara, ION MINCU, Pp 213-235
  7. Register, Richard (1987). Ecocity Berkeley: building cities for a healthy future. North Atlantic Books.
  8. Barthel, S., Folke, C. and Colding, J. (2010) Social - ecological memory in urban gardens: retaining the capacity for management of ecosystem services, global environmental change Human and policy Dimensions, Pp 255
  9. Amjad Al-musaed 2007. Heat Island Effects upon the Human Life on the City of Basrah, Building low energy cooling and advanced ventilation technologies the 21st century, PALENC 2007, The 28th AIVC Conference, Crete island, Greece.
  10. Dietzel, C., et al (2005), Spatio-temporal dynamics in California's central valley, empirical links to urban theory, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 19, 175-195.
  11. Randall Thomas (2003), Sustainable Urban Design, An environmental Approach, Spon Press, Tyler &Francis Group, London And New York, Pp. 89 - 95
  12. Ferris, J., Norman, C. and Sempik, J. (2001), People, Land and Sustainability: Community garden and social dimension of sustainable development, Social Policy and Administration Pp. 490-504.
  13. Robert A. Francis and Michael A. Chadwick, (2013) Urban Ecosystems, Earthscan (Routledge), London and New York, Pp 74-78.
  14. Clergeau, P. et al, (2011) Amplified method for conducting ecological studies of land snail communities in urban landscape, ecological research Pp 515-523
  15. Adolf K. Placzek, ed (1982). "Leonard Stokes". Macmillan encyclopedia of architects
  16. The Garden Cities Association (later to become the Town and Country Planning Association or TCPA)
  17. Van der Veken, et al, (2004) Plant species loss in an urban area, Flora, Pp. 316-323
  18. Baek, Y.W,and An J. (2010), Assessment of toxic heavy metals in urban lake sediments as related to urban stressor and bioavailability, Enviromental Monitoring and Assessment, Pp 529-537
  19. Myer, W. B., 1991, Urban heat island and urban health: Early American perspective, Professional Geographer, 43 No. 1, 38-48
  20. Amati, M, (2008) Green belts: a twentieth century planning experiment, London, P 264
  21. Cook, E.M., Hall, S.J AND Larson K. L. (2012) residential landscapes as social ecological systems: a synthesis of multi-scalar interactions between people and their home environment, Urban Ecosystem 15, 19-52.
  22. Daniel Brook, (2013), A History of Future Cities, W. W. Norton & Company, Pp 374-378